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Two case reports of women treated with an individual cognitive behavioral treatment (CBT) for menopausal hot flashes are presented. Both women reported substantial improvements in the number of hot flashes experienced as well as in their quality of life as measured by the Menopause Quality of Life Scale (MENQOL), the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D), and the Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety...
The purpose of this study was to examine the risk of first-ever stroke in relation to use of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) among middle-aged and older Swedish women.A total of 16,906 women, 45–73 years old, from the ‘Diet and Cancer’ study in Malmö, Sweden were examined. Women were considered as HRT users if they took systemic hormone therapy regularly. Incidence of stroke was followed for a mean...
Exposures which might influence age at natural menopause have been extensively studied but, with the exception of cigarette smoking, results have been inconsistent. We sought to determine: (i) whether alcohol and caffeine intake are associated with age at menopause; (ii) whether the association of cigarette smoking with age at menopause is confined to current smokers.Analyses drew on longitudinal...
Certain estradiol metabolites may play a pivotal role in breast carcinogenesis. Of special interest are the metabolites 2-hydroxyestradiol (2-OHE2), which can react anti-carcinogenically, and 4-hydroxyestradiol (4-OHE1) and 16a-hydroxyestrone (16-OHE1), which may have procarcinogenic potential. In the present study, we have compared for the first time the effect of these metabolites and their parent...
Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) has been used in treatment of various menopausal disorders. It has been well documented that HRT increases the amount of dermal collagen and skin thickness in vivo. However little is known about the effects of female sex hormones on dermal fibroblasts in vitro.The aim of this study is to determine whether or not 17β-estradiol affects mRNA expression and production...
Recent large, prospective, randomized studies show that hormone therapy (HT) does not confer a protective effect against cardiovascular disease (CVD) but may in fact increase cardiovascular events. Low plasma adiponectin levels are considered to be related to the development of atherosclerosis and CVD. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of long-term hormone therapy on plasma adiponectin...
Combination therapy strategies for osteoporosis are reviewed in this article. Regimens including two antiresorptives agents increase BMD more than single therapy alone, but they have not proved to reduce fracture risk. The alternative of combining antiresorptives together with anabolics has gained more interest. There are, however, many questions still pending, as which antiresorptive should be used,...
To evaluate the effect of two standard and one low dose continuous hormone therapy regimens on mammography.One hundred and thirty-two non-hysterectomized postmenopausal women were randomly allocated either to conjugated equine estrogens 0.625mg plus medroxyprogesterone acetate 5mg (CEE/MPA, n=38), 17β-estradiol 2mg plus norethisterone acetate 1mg (E2/NETA, n=44) or 17β-estradiol 1mg plus norethisterone...
Early onset of menopause results in the premature exposure to low estrogen levels and is associated with a number of postmenopausal health problems and higher risk of mortality. The aim of this study was to determine genetic and environmental factors associated with age at natural and surgical menopause.Multiple regression analysis using a sample of Caucasians composed of 154 females with surgical...
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